The Anthropic Principle

Proverbs 25:2

If all of the below existed except one (any one), life would not be possible

Universe

The Anthropic principle is basically the hypothesis that the universe is fine tuned for humans Most scientists (Actually, I can't find any that disagree) state that a moment after the Creation event all of the constants of the universe were set. The following were also set, and if any were set significantly differently (Often less than 1 percent) life would not be possible.

1. Ratio of the strength of electromagnetism to that of gravity

Stars have a continual tug-of-war. Electromagnetism is the force that repulses, and gravity is the force that compresses. If electromagnetism wins then the stars never attract the atoms and stars don't form. If gravity wins then the forms immediately form a black hole. In either case, life is not possible. Electromagnetism is 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times stronger than gravity. If the ratio was "just" 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times greater instead than stars would be only one billionth the size and burn a million times faster.

2. Strong Nuclear force (Also called strong force constant. This is the force that holds protons and neutrons together.

If the constant was decreased by 5% then no elements other than hydrogen would form. If it was even 1% higher no hydrogen would form and almost all carbon would be burned into oxygen. a 2% increase would prevent protons from forming, thus not atoms. Bottom line, it has been estimated that as must be within plus or minus 0.8 and 1.2 its actual strength or all elements of atomic weight greater than four would not have formed. For another good secular source, look here.

3. Gravitational Force Constant is perhaps the most amazing example of fine tuning ever imagined.

If the Gravitational Force Constant had been a little greater, all stars would have been red dwarfs, which are too cold to support life-bearing planets. If it had been a little smaller, the universe would have been composed exclusively of blue giants which burn too briefly for life to develop.

4. Mass of the Proton and Neutron are different

The mass of proton is 1.672621637 times10 to the neg 27 kg and the mass of neutron is 1.67492729 times10 to the neg 27 kg

The mass of a proton divided by the mass of a neutron ( (1.672621637) / (1.67492729)) shows the neutron is 0.1377% more massive than the proton. Therefore, the universe requires more energy to make neutrons than protons. This is a major reason that today the universe has seven times as many protons as neutrons.

If the neutron were 1/10th of 1% less massive the universe would make so many neutrons that all of the matter in the universe would very quickly collapse into neutron stars and black holes. If the neutrons were 1/10th of 1% more massive then the universe would make so few neutrons that there wouldn't be enough to make Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, etc. These are the elements that are essential for life. So, we must delicately balance that mass to within 1/10 th of 1%, or life is impossible.

5. The ratio of dark matter to normal matter (everything we know on a day to day basis) is critical to whether life can exist in the universe.

The universe has the just right mix for life. The ratio has to be right, and it is.

6. Gamma Ray Bursts have never been recorded in the Milky Way, but they have on many other galaxies.

Dr. Allen Tough theorized that Gamma Ray bursts would sterilize much of any galaxy where they occurred. They occur a few times per galaxy per million years, but not the Milky Way.

7. Why does gravity exist like it does? If it didn't have these unique features, advanced life would never form.

Earth

The number of stars in the universe is uncountable (Jeremiah 33:22). The estimates run from 5X10^21 to 10^24. That is more than the number of grains of sand on earth. Yet, even given that the universe hit the anthropic principle jackpot (See above), the chances of a planet with needed life-giving attributes are slim. Here is why: (See here for a good site about stars)

1. Any advanced life form must lie in a planet with its habitable zones. There are two types of habitable zones.

A. The planet must lie in the habitable zone of its sun

The Circumstellar habitable zone is defined where the planet must stay in an orbit where water will remain in a liquid state.

B. The Solar System must lie in the Galactic Habitable Zone (GHZ)

In the Milky Way the Galactic habitable zone lays 7 to 9 kilo parsecs (23,000 to 29,000 light-years) from the galactic center. For any Solar System to be habitable it must not be bombarded with radiation that prevails closer to the center of a Galaxy, but not so far away that it would not get the needed percentage of heavy minerals.

2. Approximately 80% of the stars are Red Dwarfs. With there small size, limited energy output and the necessity that one side of any planet would face the sun (causing issues with photosynthesis), according to the chances of advance life forming would be slim.

3. Blue Stars are so large they have a shorter life and do not provide adequate photosynthetic posibilities for life. . These stars include: